How you can connect Java with HTML and CSS?

To connect Java with HTML and CSS, you typically use Java on the server side (e.g., with a web framework) while HTML and CSS handle the front-end. Here are the common ways to do this:

1. Using Java Servlets

Step 1: Set Up a Servlet

Create a Java servlet that processes requests and sends HTML content.

#java
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/hello")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.getWriter().println("<html><body><h1>Hello from Java!</h1></body></html>");
    }
}

Step 2: Link HTML and CSS

You can create an HTML file and link to a CSS file. When you deploy your servlet, you can reference the servlet’s URL in the HTML.

#html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    <title>Java with HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome</h1>
    <a href="/your-app/hello">Say Hello</a>
</body>
</html>

2. Using Java Server Pages (JSP)

You can use JSP to embed Java code directly within your HTML.

#jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    <title>JSP Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello from JSP!</h1>
    <% 
        String message = "This is Java code embedded in HTML!";
        out.println("<p>" + message + "</p>");
    %>
</body>
</html>

3. Using Java Frameworks

Frameworks like Spring Boot or JavaServer Faces (JSF) allow for easier integration between Java and HTML/CSS.

Example with Spring Boot:

Create a Spring Boot project and set up a controller:

#java
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@Controller
public class HomeController {
    @GetMapping("/")
    public String home() {
        return "index"; // refers to index.html in the templates folder
    }
}

Create an HTML file in the src/main/resources/templates folder:

#html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://codingfilters.com/css/styles.css">
    <title>Spring Boot Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to Spring Boot!</h1>
</body>
</html>

Review

Use Servlets or JSP for simple applications.
Consider a framework like Spring Boot for larger projects.
Link HTML and CSS as you normally would in a web application.

This way, you can effectively connect Java with HTML and CSS for a complete web application.

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Author

Charlotte Brown

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